To what extend does Shinjuku, Tokyo experience urban stresses, and how do urban green spaces reduce these, with a focus on air pollution, noise pollution, visual pollution and the Urban Heat Island effect?

Dense city centres concentrate traffic, buildings and people, which raises air and noise pollution and traps heat. In the urban heat island effect, a city stays warmer than its surroundings. Parks and street trees can cool the air, absorb pollutants and soften noise.

ResearchGate · Oct 2026 · Individual work

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